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Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(6): 509-518, nov.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249960

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La desnutrición infantil en México alcanza prevalencias de 27.5 % en zonas rurales. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un suplemento alimenticio listo para consumir (SALC) para corregir desnutrición aguda leve y prevenir desnutrición aguda moderada en preescolares de comunidades rurales. Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado por grupos: con y sin SALC (g-SALC y g-S/SALC); se incluyeron niños de dos a cinco años, con puntuaciones-Z de peso para la talla (pZ-P/T) mayor de −2 y menor de −1 y nivel socioeconómico bajo. Todos recibieron educación sobre nutrición, salud e higiene dos veces al mes; los niños del g-SALC debieron consumir diariamente una porción del suplemento. Se evaluó pZ-P/T al inicio y a los cuatro, seis y 12 meses. La comparación entre grupos se realizó con el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Respecto a la recuperación de desnutrición aguda leve, en g-SALC se observó 68.7 versus 52.1% en el grupo control en el análisis de intención para tratar, con una razón de riesgo (HR) = 1.25; en el análisis por protocolo del primer semestre se observó una HR = 1.48 y en el segundo semestre, HR = 1.56. Un paciente progresó a desnutrición aguda moderada. Conclusiones: El g-SALC mostró resolución significativamente mayor de desnutrición aguda leve.


Abstract Introduction: Child malnutrition in Mexico reaches a prevalence as high as 27.5 % in rural areas. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) to correct mild acute malnutrition and prevent moderate acute malnutrition in preschool children from rural communities. Method: Randomized clinical trial, with assignment to two groups: group with RUSF (RUSF-g) or group without it (non-RUSF-g); children aged from two to five years, with weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ) between -2 and -1 and low socioeconomic status were included. All received education on nutrition, health and hygiene twice monthly; the RUSF-g children had to consume four biscuits of the supplement every day. WHZ was assessed at baseline and at four, six, and 12 months. The comparison between groups was carried out with Cox proportional hazards model. Results: With regard to mild acute malnutrition correction in the RUSF-g, 68.7 versus 52.1 % in the control group was observed in the intent-to-treat analysis, with a hazard ratio (HR) = 1.25; in the per-protocol analysis of first semester, a HR = 1.48 was observed, and in the second semester, HR = 1.56. One patient progressed to moderate acute malnutrition. Conclusions: The RUSF-g showed a significantly higher resolution of mild acute malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Child Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements , Fast Foods , Social Class , Time Factors , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Proportional Hazards Models , Acute Disease , Prevalence , Intention to Treat Analysis , Mexico/epidemiology
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